Commercial transactions are typically founded on the expectation that the prevailing conditions at the time of agreement will remain sufficiently stable to allow each party to fulfill its obligations. Contracts are entered into in good faith, supported by assumptions of reliable trade routes, stable commodity prices, and a well-functioning international order. However, when geopolitical tensions intensify or conflicts arise, these assumptions may prove invalid, resulting in businesses, governments, and economies facing unforeseen and often unavoidable challenges.
The situation in the Strait of Hormuz (“Strait”) clearly exemplifies this risk. The escalation of hostilities between the United States, Israel, and Iran on 28 February 2026 resulted in the closure of the Strait, which constitutes the world’s most vital oil transit chokepoint, through which approximately 21 million barrels of crude oil and petroleum products are transported daily, representing roughly 21% of the global supply. Typically, about 3,000 vessels transit the Strait each month; however, this number significantly declined during recent hostilities, with Iran threatening to attack tankers and other ships.
For more, please click the link below:The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought about increased productivity and innovation, but it also raises concerns about the ownership of AI-generated content. While AI systems rely on vast collections of public and proprietary materials from various online sources to generate data, copyright confers upon creators of literary and artistic works certain exclusive rights, including the rights of reproduction, copying, performance, and public display.
The increasing involvement of technology in creative processes has, in many instances, significantly augmented human input, thereby giving rise to novel challenges in distinguishing works generated by software programs utilizing algorithms and databases produced by human creators. This development has precipitated substantial uncertainty in both commercial and juridical contexts about who owns the rights to AI-generated works.
For more, please click the link below to download full article:
Copyright Ownership of AI-Generated Work 291.68 KB
Arbitration is one of the mechanisms of alternative dispute resolution. This is a method where a neutral third party hears the evidence between two disputing parties and makes a final binding decision called an award. One significant distinction between arbitration and litigation is that arbitration is consensual, and the award from that is binding on the parties.
Where such consent has been given by the parties, can a party who has freely agreed to an arbitral award declare it illegal?
For more, please click the link below to download full article:
Eat and Run- The Pan Ocean’s Case 241.46 KB
The tort of defamation has notably developed since its inception. With focus initially on individuals, there is a new curve arising from the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The specifics of AI questions the jurisprudence of defamation.
For more, please click the link below to download full article:
The advent of the internet has greatly impacted lives. It has enabled humans to communicate easier than ever before. However, with no restrictions on communications, there have been a plethora of cases of inconvenience arising from online abuse. Primarily on social media, false publications have been posted about people or entities and thereby harming their goodwill and reputation. Such an act amounts to internet defamation.
For more, please click the link below to download full article:
Internet-Defamation-Before You-Get-Sued 258.67 KB